How is the President made?
With the formation of the constitution of the country, it was decided that the country should get a President along with the Prime Minister Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of the country and Smt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil became the first woman President of the country. What are the qualifications required to become a presidential candidate? How is the President elected? How long is the term of the President? Who can vote? Today we will learn about how the President is elected in this post.
Who is the President?
According to Article 52 of the Indian Constitution, it is mandatory to have the President of India. The highest office of the country is that of the President and the President is the first citizen of the country. The President is the head of all the armies (Navy, Air Force, Army) of the country. The executive power of the Union is vested in the President. They can exercise this power through the Union Cabinet.
What are the qualifications required to become President?
Must be a citizen of India. Minimum age should be 35 years. Must be eligible to become a member of Lok Sabha. Should not hold an office of profit under the Central Government and the State Government or any other authority. Any candidate who fulfills these conditions can file nomination but for this he needs the support of 50 MLAs or MPs and also the approval of 50 MPs or MLAs and the candidate has to deposit Rs 15,000 as security deposit is.
How long is the term of the President?
The President remains in office for 5 years from the date of assuming his office, that is, his term is for 5 years. However, he can be relieved at any time by giving his resignation to the Vice President. Apart from this, the President can also be removed from his office by impeachment by the Parliament before the completion of the term. Even after the completion of 5 years, the President can continue in his office until his successor assumes his office.
How is the President elected?
The President is elected by the Election Commission itself. For the election of the President, the population is included on the basis of the Census of India which was conducted in 1971. And till 2026, the basis of this census will be taken. The formula that has been made for the election of this post is also a special formula so that this election process can be done very well without any disturbance and favoritism.
There are three main stages of this election process. According to the vote value of the total MLAs, the value of the vote of the MPs of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha is calculated. And through all this process, the value of the vote of the Presidential candidate is calculated.
The basis of the 1971 census is taken to calculate the value of the vote of the legislators of the states. For this, the population of the state is divided by the number of MLA. And the result we get is again divided by 1000. In this way the value of vote of an MLA comes out. Value of an MLA vote =Total population of the state or union territory/ Total Number Of elected members of the legislative assembly × 1000
To calculate the vote value of a state, the value of the vote of an MLA is multiplied by the Number of MLAS. And in the same way the value of the vote of the presidential candidate from each state is calculated.
Let us understand through example –
Uttar Pradesh has a population of 83,849,775 according to the 1971 census. And the number of elected MLAs in the state is 403. According to this formula, the population is divided into no. Of MLA is divided by. And the value obtained is then divided by 1000 again. From this, the value of the vote of each MLA of the state is obtained. Now the value of MLA’s vote is multiplied by Numbers of MLA to get the value of the entire state. No. of Assembly seats =403 Population of as per 1971 census= 83,849,775 Value of the vote of each MLA=83,849,775/403×1000=208.06 Total value of vote of all the state MLAs =403×208 =83,824
Members of Lok Sabha and members of Rajya Sabha are added to calculate the value of votes of MPs. The total value of the vote of the states is divided by the total number of MPs, which gives the value of the vote of an MP. And the value of the vote of the MP is multiplied by the total number of MPs, then the value of the vote of the total MPs comes. . Total value of votes of all MLAs =5,49,495 Total number of MPs =543(LS)+233(RS)=776 Value of the vote of each MP =5,49,495/776=708 Total value of votes of all the MPs =776 ×708 =5,49,408
Now the value of the vote of the MPs and the value of the vote of the MLA are added to get the total votes of the President. Total Number of votes =vote value of MP +vote value of MLA If there is no other person standing in front of the presidential candidate, then that person is elected for the presidency. It is mandatory for any presidential candidate to take 50% of the vote to become the President. And in addition there should be one more vote.
Who can vote in the presidential election?
In the country, the President is elected indirectly, that is, the people of the country cannot vote in it. In this, only elected Rajya Sabha MPs, Lok Sabha MPs and MLAs can vote. The MPs and MLAs who vote for this election are called Electoral Colleges or Electoral Colleges and each voter is called an elector.
A total of 4809 members participate in the presidential election. Out of which 776 members are from Parliament in which 543 members are from Lok Sabha and 233 from Rajya Sabha. Whereas a total of 4033 members come from the Legislative Assemblies. Before 2019, this number was close to 4120. But in 2019, the statehood of Jammu and Kashmir was abolished and Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh were made separate union territories.
Due to which the total Legislative Assembly seats here which were 87 have come to an end and at present there are total 4033 seats. The nominated members and MLCs in the Rajya Sabha and the Legislative Council are also not involved in the electoral process. If the Chief Minister of a state is a member of the Legislative Council, then he too cannot vote in the election of the President.
What are the functions and powers of the President?
1. Deployment of Executive Representative –
Chief Electoral Officer and other election officers.
Chairman and member of Union Public Service Commission.
Lt-governors
Deployment of the Chief Justice of India and officers of the High Court. National Composition Commission, National Composition Commission. areas of the centres. Comptroller and Accountant General of India Pollution. Chairman and Member of the Finance Commission of India.
2. When both the Houses of Parliament are not in session, then according to Article 123 of the Constitution, the President can issue a new ordinance.
3. The President can nominate two persons from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha can nominate 12 members.
4. If any treaty or agreement is made with other countries, then the signature of the President is necessary here.
5. The President can pardon any person and save him from full punishment or reduce his sentence. 6. If the President is satisfied that the security of the country or any part of it is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, he can declare an emergency.
7. The President can also suspend the Fundamental Rights.
8. The President has the power to remove any Minister, Attorney General, Governor of States, Chairman and members of Union Public Service Commission, Chief Justice and other Judges of Supreme Court, Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners from their posts.
9. No money bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without the prior permission of the President. When a bill is introduced in both the Houses of Parliament, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the President’s assent is necessary after it is passed.
What is President’s Rule?
In President’s rule, all the powers are absorbed in the President of the nation, that is, in President’s rule, the control of any state is under the President instead of the Chief Minister. With this they can take any decision in the interest of the state. President’s rule is not limited to only one state but can also be implemented in the whole country.
When does President’s rule come into force?
The provision of imposing President’s rule in any state is given in Article 356 of the Constitution. According to Article 356, if the President feels that the State Government is not able to fulfill its responsibility according to the provisions of the Constitution, then the President can dismiss that State Government and impose President’s rule there. For this the President does not even need the report of the Governor.
If a situation of riots or anarchy arises in the state and if the President feels that the state government is not capable of dealing with such a situation, then in such a case also President’s rule can be imposed under Article 356. It is called President’s rule because the control of the state comes from the hands of the Chief Minister and comes under the President.
For how long can President’s rule be imposed? President’s rule is imposed for the first 6 months. But within 2 months of the imposition of President’s rule, this decision has to be passed by both the houses of Parliament i.e. Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. If both the houses pass this decision, then President’s rule comes into force for 6 months. President’s rule can be imposed for a maximum period of 6 -6 months only for 3 years.
Name of the President of India so far –
1.Dr.Rajendra Prasad -1952-1957
Dr. Rajendra Prasad -1957-1962
2.Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan – 1962-1967
3.Dr. Zakir Hussain -1967-1969
4.V.V Giri -1969-1974
5.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed -1974-1977
6.Neelam Sanjeev Reddy -1977-1982
7.Gyani Zail Singh -1982-1987
8.R. Venkataraman -1987-1992
9.Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma -1992-1997
10.K.R. Narayanan -1997-2002
11. Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam -2002-2007
12. Pratibha Singh Patil -2007-2012
13. Pranav Mukharji -2012-2017
14. Ram Nath Kovind -2017-2022
15.Draupadi Murmu-2022..
Draupadi Murmu is an Indian politician serving as the 15th and current President of India. She was a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the first person belonging to the tribal community to be elected as the President of India. Murmu is the second woman after Pratibha Patil to serve as the President of India.
“Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of the country and held this position for two consecutive terms.” “Mrs. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil is the first woman President. She was the twelfth President of India.” “To date only two Presidents, Dr. Zakir Hussain and Mr. Fakhruddin Ahmed, have died while in office.”
